Search results for " autoimmune encephalitis"
showing 3 items of 3 documents
Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Autoimmune-Mediated Encephalitis
2018
Progranulin (PGRN), Total-Tau (t-tau), and Neurofilament light chain (NfL) are well known biomarkers of neurodegeneration. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether these parameters represent also biomarkers in autoimmune-mediated Encephalitis (AE) and may give us insights into the pathomechanisms of AE. We retrospectively examined the concentration of PGRN in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of 38 patients suffering from AE in acute phase and/or under treatment. This AE cohort comprises patients with autoantibodies against: NMDAR (n = 18 patients), Caspr2 (n = 8), Lgi-1 (n = 10), GABAB(R) (n = 1), and AMPAR (n = 1). Additionally, the concentrations of NfL (n = 25…
Cross-reactivity of a pathogenic autoantibody to a tumor antigen in GABA(A) receptor encephalitis
2021
Encephalitis associated with antibodies against the neuronal gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABA A -R) is a rare form of autoimmune encephalitis. The pathogenesis is still unknown but autoimmune mechanisms were surmised. Here we identified a strongly expanded B cell clone in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with GABA A -R encephalitis. We expressed the antibody produced by it and showed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry that it recognizes the GABA A -R. Patch-clamp recordings revealed that it tones down inhibitory synaptic transmission and causes increased excitability of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Thus, the antibody likely contributed to…
Relapse risk factors in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis
2019
Aim: To identify factors that may predict and affect the risk of relapse in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Method: This was a retrospective study of an Italian cohort of patients with paediatric (≤18y) onset anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Results: Of the 62 children included (39 females; median age at onset 9y 10mo, range 1y 2mo–18y; onset between 2005 and 2018), 21 per cent relapsed (median two total events per relapsing patient, range 2–4). Time to first relapse was median 31.5 months (range 7–89mo). Severity at first relapse was lower than onset (median modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 3, range 2–4, vs median mRS 5, range 3–5; admission to intensive care unit: 0/10 vs 3/10…